BC 1 Vocab

1.1

reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditus: return, restore, deliver, render, translate

aegrē: scarcely, with difficulty, reluctantly

impetrō, -āre: obtain, procure, succeed

contentĭo, -ōnis, f.: effort, struggle after, exertion

rĕfĕro, rĕferre, rettŭli, rĕlātus: bring back, withdraw, return

dēsum, -esse, -fuī, dēfutūrus: be lacking, fail, abandon, neglect, be missing

polliceor, -ērī, -itus sum: promise

audācter: boldly

sententia, -ae, f.: opinion

sīn: but if, on the contrary

respiciō, -ere, -spēxī, -spectus: look back at, consider, respect

sequor, sequī, secūtus sum: follow, aim at, seek

auctōritās, -ātis, f.: authority, power, decree, influence

obtemperō, -āre: obey, comply with, submit to

quoque: likewise, also

amīcitia, -ae, f.: friendship

recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus: keep back, recover, accept, take in

cunctor, -ārī, -ātus sum: delay, impede, hesitate

lēnis, -e: smooth, mild, calm, slow

nēquīquam: in vain

implōrō, -āre: appeal to, invoke, beg

1.2

ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.: oration, speech

adsum, -esse, affuī, affuturus: be near/present

ingredior, -ī, -essus sum: advance, walk, enter, begin

oportet, -ēre, -uit: it is proper/becoming

dīlēctus, - ūs, m.: selection, levy, draft

exercitus, -ūs: army

cōnscrībō, -ere, -īpsī, -īptus: enroll, enlist, write down

praesidium, -ī, n.: protection, guard, garrison

tūtus, -a, -um: safe, guarded, out of danger

dēcernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētus: decide, settle, declare, judge

audeō , -ēre, ausus sum: intend, dare, have courage, risk

cēnseō, -ēre, cēnsuī, cēnsus: think, judge, recommend, decree

proficīscor, -ī, -fectus: set out

ēripiō, -ere, -ipuī, -eptus: snatch away, take by force

retineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentus: hold back, restrain

ferē: almost, about, nearly

convīcium, -ī, n.: noise, outcry, clamor

corripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptus: seize, lay hold of, carry off

exagitō, -āre: drive out, stir up, harass, scold

prōnūntiō, -āre: announce, proclaim

omnīnō: entirely, altogether

discēdō, -ere, cessī, -cessus: depart, withdraw, dissipate

minae, -ārum, f.: threats

invītus, -a, -um: reluctant, unwilling

cōgō, -ere, coēgī, coāctus: force, compel

adversus: in opposition

cōnfēstim: immediately, suddenly, at once

intercessiō, -ōnis, f.: veto, intervention

acerbus, -a, -um: harsh, bitter, strident

crūdēlis, -e: cruel, severe, savage

collaudo, -āre: praise highly, commend

1.3

vespĕrus, -a, -um: evening

ōrdō, -inis, m.: rank, class

ēvocō, -āre: call forth, summon

cōnfīrmō, -āre: strengthen, make secure, reassure

sēgnis, -e: slow

castīgō, -āre: chastise, punish, correct

undique: from every direction

trādō, -ere, -didī, -ditus: hand over, surrender, deliver

arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus: send for, summon

compleō, -ēre, -ēvī, -ētus: fill, crowd

clīvus, -ī, m.: slope, hill

comitium, -ī, n.: place of assembly

ēvŏcāti, -ōrum: re-enlisted soldiers

cōgō, -ere, coēgī, coāctus: congregate, gather

concurrō, -ere, -currī, -cursus: run together, agree, coincide

īnfīrmus, -a, -um: weak, fragile

item: likewise, also, similarly

doceō, -ēre, -uī, -ctus: teach, show, inform

cōnficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus: make, prepare, complete, perform

postulō, -āre: ask for, require

voluntās, -ātis, f.: will, desire, purpose

prōpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus: display, put forth, propose

1.4

dolor, -ōris, m.: pain, grief, resentment

aes, aeris, n.: bronze, money (aes alienum: debt)

māgnitūdō, -inis, f.: size, greatness, importance

largītiō, -ōnis, f.: generosity, largesse, bribery

impellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsus: drive, urge on, push against

necessitūdō, -inis, f.: obligation, bond, connection, need

partior, -īrī, -ītus sum: share, divide up, distribute

arbitrō, -āre: think, consider, judge

iūdicium, -ī, n.: trial, legal action, court

adūlātiō, -ōnis, f.: flattery

ostentātiō, -ōnis, f.: exhibition, showing-off

polleō, -ēre: exert power or influence

exaequō, -āre: make equal

adfinitās, -ātis, f.: relationship, bond

iniungō, -ere, -ūnxī, -ūnctus: enjoin, charge, impose upon

īnfāmia, -ae, f.: disgrace

dominātus, -ūs, m.: rule, mastery, command

1.5

raptim: hurriedly, suddenly

turbātus, -a, -um: troubled, agitated

dēprecor -ārī, ātus: avert by prayer, seek to avoid

retineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentus: hold back, retain

facultās, -ātis, f.: ability, resource

tribuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus: divide, assign, grant

turbulentus, -a, -um: violently disturbed, riotous

dēnique: finally, in the end

cōnsuēscō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētus: accustom oneself, be accustomed

audācia, -ae, f.: courage, daring, audacity

dētrīmentum, -ī, n.: harm, loss, damage

perscrībō, -ere, -īpsī, -īptus: report, write out in full

ineō, -īre, -īvī, -itum: enter, begin, go in

comitiālis, -e: pertaining to elections

amplus, -a, -um: great, distinguished, large

cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, collātus: bring together, gather

aequitās, -ātis, f.: justice, equality

ōtium, -ī, n.: peace, calm

1.6

ostendō, -ere, -dī, -tus: show, reveal, make clear

comperior, -īrī, -pertus sum: discover, verify

aliēnus, -a, -um: foreign, unconnected, hostile

properus, -a, -um: quick

aerārium, -ī, n.: public treasury

patior, -ī, passus sum: endure, permit, suffer

obveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus: come to, go to (by chance or lot)

praetereō, -īre, -iī, -itus: pass by, disregard, omit

sors, sortis, f.: lot

palūdātus, -a, -um: wearing a military cloak

nūncupō, -āre: vow, proclaim, name

vetustās, -ātis, f.: antiquity, old age

fānum, -ī, n.: sanctuary, temple

permisceō, -ēre, -miscuī, -mīxtus: mix thoroughly, confound

1.7

cōntiōnor, -āri, -ātus sum: address, harangue

commemorō, -āre: recall, relate, place on record

dēprāvō, -āre: distort, mislead, corrupt

queror, -ī, questus sum: complain, protest

obtrectātiō, -ōnis, f.: disparagement

laus, laudis, f.: praise, glory, renown

faveō, ēre, fāvī, fautūrus: favor, befriend, support

adiūtor, -ōris, m.: assistant, supporter

notō, -āre: mark, single out, reprimand

opprimō, ere, -essī, -essus: suppress, crush, overwhelm

nūdō, -āre: strip, lay bare

āmittō, -ere, -īsī, -issus: lose

adimō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptus: take away, deprive, steal

quotiēnscumque: whenever

perniciōsus, -a, -um: destructive, dangerous

ēditus, -a, -um: high

expiō, -āre: atone for, expiate

cāsus, -ūs, m.: fate, calamity

prōmulgō, -āre: publish, make publicly known

pācō, -āre: pacify, subdue

exīstimātiō, -ōnis, f.: opinion, reputation, esteem

tumultus, -ūs, m.: commotion, uprising, disturbance

1.8

hībernum, -ī, n.: winter quarters

sermō, -ōnis, m.: conversation, speech

officium, -ī: obligation, favor, duty

mandātum, -ī, n.: order, charge

pūrgō, -āre: cleanse, excuse

īrācundia, -ae, f.: anger, resentment

īrāscor, -ī, īrātus sum: be/become angry, feel resentment

noceō, -ēre, -cuī, -citus: harm

1.9

levō, -āre: lift up, alleviate

pertineō, -ēre, -uī, -: reach, relate to, concern

nancīscor, -ī, nactus sum: find, receive

quoniam: because

gravō, -āre: weign down, oppress, accuse

postulātum, -ī, n.: demand, request, claim

tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātus: lift, destroy, remove

doleō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus: hurt, grieve; cause grief

contumēlia, -ae, f.: indignity, insult, abuse

extorqueō, -ēre, -sī, -tus: tear away

sēmēstris, -tre: half-yearly (six months in duration)

impetrō, -āre: obtain, succeed

simulātiō, -ōnis, f.: pretense, deceit

quōnam: to what place

perniciēs, -iei, f.: disaster, ruin, destruction

sanciō, -īre, sānxī, sānctus: confirm, ratify

accēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessūrus: approach, come near

1.10

inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus: find

postulātum, -ī, n.: demand, request, claim

summa, -ae, f.: summit, point, main idea

quoad: as long as, until

intermittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: interrupt, stop

1.11

condiciō, -ōnis, f.: agreement, contract, proposal

excēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus: withdraw, go beyond

dēfīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus: define, bound, assign

peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctus: finish, complete

mendācium, -ī, n.: lie, fraud

religiō, -ōnis, f.: obligation, scruple, religious taboo

obstringō, -ere, -strinxī, -strictus: bind, oblige, confine

adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātus: convey, produce, cause

subsistō, -ere, -stitī, -: halt, stand, cause to stop

1.12

mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum: defend, fortify

ergā: towards, opposite

adventus, - ūs, m.: arrival

diffīdo, -ere, -fīsus sum: distrust, despair, lack confidence

redūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus: lead back

circummittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus: send around to different parts

1.13

frequēns, -quentis: crowded, numerous, full

mereor, -ērī, -itus sum: earn, deserve

moenia, -ium: defensive walls, fortifications

proinde: hence, so then

dēserō, -ere, -ruī, -rtus: leave, abandon, withdraw

discēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus: withdraw, scatter, go off

dēprēndō, -ere, -dī, -sus: sieze, catch, surprise

addūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus: lead up, bring to

1.14

repente: suddenly, unexpectedly

invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsus: enter, take posession of

aperiō, -īre, -eruī, -ertus: open, uncover

prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus: bring forward

prōtinus: immediately

prīdiē: day before

citrā: on this side of

collĭgo, -ere, -lēgi, -lectus: assemble, gather together

attribuō, -ere, -uī, ūtus: assign, grant

reprehendō, -ere, -endī, -ēnsus: pass judgement on, hold back

custōdia, -ae, f.: protection, safe-keeping

1.15

praefectūra, -ae: office of a governor, prefecture

libēns, -entis: willing, cheerful

iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtus: help, serve, please

exaedificō, -āre: construct

cupidus, -a, -um: eager, passionate

abdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus: lead away, carry off

incidō, -ere, -cidī, -: come upon, meet

excipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus: meet, receive, remove

1.16

rĕcĭpĭo, -ere, -cēpi, -ceptus: take back, recover

expellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsus: drive out, banish

conquīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, quīsītus: seek out, investigate, hunt up

frūmentārius, -a, -um: concerning grain

moror, -ārī, -ātus sum: delay

contendō, -ere, -dī, -tus: march, strive for, seek

praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus: send ahead

interrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptus: break up, drive a gap in

antĕcursor, -ōris, m.: scout, vanguard

iuxtā: near, close to, beside

1.17

perītus, -a, -um: experienced, skilled

prōpōnō, -ere, -pŏsŭi, -pŏsĭtus: propose, put forward

ōro, -āre: pray, beg

subvĕnĭo, -īre, -vēni, -ventus: come to help

angustia, -ae, f.: narrowness, narrow place

interclūdo, -ere, -clūsi, -clūsus: cut off, blockade

frūmentum, -ī, n.: grain

dispōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus: distribute, lay out

custōdĭa, -ae, f.: care, protection

attribuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus: assign, allot

cōntiō, -ōnis, f.: meeting, assembly

possessiō, -ōnis, f.: possession, property

iūgĕrum, -i, n.: acre

singŭlus, -a, -um: apiece, each, individual

reor, rērī, ratus sum: reckon, calculate, think

1.18

inter-vāllum, -ī, n.: interval, space, distance

prohibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus: hinder, restrain, prevent

ūniversus, -a, -um: all together, whole, entire

oppidānus, -a, -um: of a small town, provincial, rustic

obviam: in the way, towards, to meet

grātulor, -āri, -ātus sum: rejoice, give thanks

exeō, -īre, -iī, -itus: go out, leave

dēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus: drop, throw down

petō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus: beg

rĕvertor, -i, -versus sum: turn back, return

coniungo, -ere, -iunxi, -iunctus: join together, connect

trīduum, -ī, n.: three days' time

praeficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus: put in charge

castellum, -ī, n.: fortress, stronghold

circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus: surround, beset, enclose

efficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus: bring about, make, produce

1.19

perlegō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctus: read through

dissimulō, -āre: conceal, dissemble

subsidium, -ī, n.: help, relief, reinforcement

dēficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus: fail, disappoint

ūsus, -ūs, m.: use, experience, skill

arcānus, -a, -um: secret, private

vultus, -ūs, m.: face, expression

cōnsentiō, -īre, -sēnsī, -sēnsus: agree, be of the same mind

trepidō, -āre: trembling, anxious

cōnsuēscō, -ere, -suēvī, suētus: be/become accustomed

consilior, -āri, -atus sum: consult, take counsel

cōnsuētūdō, -inis, f.: habit, normal practice

diū: a long time

tegō, -ere, tēxī, tēctus: hide, cover, protect

rescrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptus: reply, write back

voluntās, -ātis, f.: will, desire

sīquis, -qua, -quod: if any

facultās, -ātis, f.: ability, opportunity

obsidiō, -ōnis, f.: siege, blockade

circummūnītiō, -ōnis, f.: surrounding with walls, circumvallation

1.20

dīvulgo, -āre: publish

vesper, -eris, m.: evening

sēcessiō, -ōnis, f.: revolt

honestus, -a, -um: distinguished, respected, reputable

obsideō, -ēre, -ēdī, -essus: besiege

perficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus: complete

fīdūcia, -ae, f.: confidence, faith

permaneō, -ēre, -mānsī, -mānsūrus: continue, last, endure

prōiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus: throw out, abandon

mūnītus, -a, -um: fortified, safe

dīmicō, -āre: fight

internūntius, -i: messenger

īgnōrō, -āre: not know, be unfamiliar with

prō-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus: lead forward, bring out

circumsistō, -ere, -stitī, -status: stand around, surround

custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus: guard

1.21

largītiō, -ōnis, f.: generosity, largesse, bribery

cōnfīrmātiō, -ōnis, f.: encouragement

commūtātiō, -ōnis, f.: change, reversal

cāsus, -ūs, m.: disaster, fate, chance

intercēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus: occur, come to pass

vereor, -eri, veritus sum: fear, dread

intrŏĭtus, -ūs: entrance, a going into

licentia, -ae, f.: freedom, license

dīripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptus: tear to pieces

asservo, -āre: guard

dispōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus: place here and there, distribute

perpetuus, -a, -um: uninterrupted, continuous

vigilia, -ae, f.: watch

statiō, -ōnis, f.: outpost, station

contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctus: touch, border on

expleō, -ēre, -ēvī, -ētus: fill

ēruptiō, -ōnis, f.: rush, sally

occulō, -ere, -culuī, -cultus: cover, hide

remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus: relax, send back

languidus, -a , -um: weak, dull

quisquam: any, anyone

conquiēscō, -ere, -quiēvī, -quiētus: rest, sleep

expectātiō, -ōnis, f.: expectation, suspense

1.22

conspectus, -ūs, m: presence

obsecrō, -āre: pray

parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsus: spare

praetūra, -ae, f.: praetorship

petītiō, -ōnis, f.: candidacy, petition

sublevō, -āre: support, raise up

interpellō, -āre: interrupt, break in on

maleficium, -ī, n.: injury, crime

contumēlia, -ae, f.: indignity, insult, abuse

vindicō, -āre: avenge

licet, -ēre, -cuit: it is permitted

impetrō, -āre: obtain, succeed, be granted

sōlācium, -ī, n.: comfort, solace

dūrus, -a, -um: hard, harsh, cruel

cōnsulō, -ere, -luī, -ltus: take counsel, consider

1.23

lūceō, -ēre, lūxī, -: dawn, be light

convīcium, -i, n.: noise, outcry

referō, -ferre, rettulī, relātus: return, bring back

incolumis, -e: unharmed

advehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectus: carry, bring

affĕro, -fere, attŭli, allātus: bring

continēns, -entis: moderate, limiting

cōnstō, -āre, -stitī, -statūrus: agree, be correct

stīpendium, -ī, n.: tribute

sacrāmentum, -ī, n.: oath of allegiance

iustus, -a, -um: regular, proper, fair

commoror, -ārī, -ātus sum: stay, delay