Adam Ferguson

-Barry 24

-considered that rules depend on experience and not on reason

-ethics does not originate from reason but from the facts of nature, as men seek self-preservation

-he considers that spontaneous order has resulted in the emergence of the comercial society, which happened through man's natural adjustement to circumstances. He discusses the transformation of the human society from the savage state (no property and little inequality), to the barbaric state (characterized by the emergence of propery concept, and elementary political institutions) and to the polished state (characterized by specialized social roles, manufacturing industry, regulatory system, and division of labor).