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John Stambaugh, "The Ruling Class and its Clients" in The Ancient Roman City (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988), pp.91-93 [1]

Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1875), s.v. "Cliens"

Christopher Francese, "cliens and amicitia" from Ancient Rome in So Many Words (New York: Hippocrene, 2007), pp. 107-109.

M. Dillon and L. Garland, "Clientela and Patrocinium" in Ancient Rome: From the Early Republic to the Assassination of Julius Caesar (New York: Routledge, 2005), pp. 87-90.