25

1. History of Cumberland County and Adams County, (Pennsylvania: Warner Beers & Co., 1886), 245.

2. John Majewski, "Who Financed the Transportation Revolution?" Journal of Economic History, no. 56 (1996)763-765.

3. Robert Higgs, The Transformation of the American Economy, 1865-1914 (New York John Willey & Sons Inc., 1971), 44.

4. Majewski, 765-767.

5. “Industrial History Gallery,” The Museum at Cumberland County Historical Society, Carlisle, Pa. 2008.

6. Higgs, 24.

7. Foster Rhea Dulles, The United States Since 1865 (Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1959), 72-73.

8. Albert Carriere, Carlisle-Cumberland County Book of Centuries 175 1-1951 (Carlisle, PA, 195 l), 32-34.

9. U.S. Bureau of the Census, “Population”, Eighth Census of the U.S., Bureau of the Census (Washington, DC, 1864): 421.

10. U.S. Bureau of the Census, “Population of Cities and Towns,” Compendium of the Tenth Census, Bureau of the Census (Washington, DC, 1880): 398.

11. U.S. Bureau of the Census, “Occupations,” Compendium of the Ninth Census, Bureau of the Census (Washington, DC, 1872): 596.

12. Higgs, 24.

13. Ibid, 47.

14. Gerald G Eggert, Harrisburg Industrializes (University Park, PA: PA State University Press, 1993), 128.

15. Beers, F.W. Atlas of Cumberland County (New York. F.W. Beers & Co., 1872), 39.

16. “The Industrial History Gallery”.

17. Beers, 39.

18. Higgs, 47.

19. Edward P. Duggan, “Machines, Markets, and Labor: The Carriage and Wagon Industry in Late-Nineteenth-Century Cincinnati” The Business History Review 51, no. 3 (Autumn, 1977): 308-325.

20. Eggert, 125.

21. Biographical Annals of Cumberland County (Chicago: The Genealogical Publishing Co . l905), p111.

22. James M. Swank, Progressive Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA J.B. Lippincott Co., l908), 176.

23. Biographical Annals of Cumberland County, 112.

24. Manufacturing and Mercantile Resources of Cumberland Valley (Philadelphia, PA: Industrial Publishing Co., 1882), 70.

25. Raphael S Hays, John Hays: Civil War Soldier, Lawyer and Businessman (Carlisle, PA 2000), 43.

26. Eggert, 105.

27. Hays, 44-46.

28. Ibid, 46.

29. Manufacturing and Mercantile Resources of Cumberland Valley, 78.

30. Flower, Milton and Lenore, This Is Carlisle (Harrisburg, Pa: J. Horace McFarland Co., 1944).

31. Higgs, 24.

32. U.S. Bureau of the Census, “Aggregate Population of cities, towns, villages and boroughs,” Compendium of the Eleventh Census, Bureau of the Census (Washington, DC, 1892): 596.

33. Higgs, 41-42.

34. Ibid, 47.

35. Peter George, The Emergence of industrial America (Albany, NY State University of NY Press, 1982), 32.

36. Suzy Crow, "Carlisle, PA The Sole of the Shoe Industry" 1980 C953c, Essay History, Archives and Special Collections, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA.

37. Carriere, 34-35.

38. Biographical Annals of Cumberland County, 157.

39. “Industrial History Gallery”.

40. Ralph C Epstem, The Automobile Industry (New York. Arno Press, 1972), 37.

41. George, 31.